Mussolini Warlord by H. James Burgwyn

Author:H. James Burgwyn [Burgwyn, H. James]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781936274307
Publisher: Enigma Books

1. The Ciano Diaries, 6 January 1942.

2. Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o Narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavije (hereafter cited as Zbornik), XIII, bk. 2, D. 80, Roatta memorandum, 23 July 1942.

3. Institute of Military History, Belgrade, Serbia (hereafter cited as AVII), b. 93, f. 1, Roatta’s 3C Circular, 1 March 1942.

4. AUSSME, N I-II, b. 724, Roatta to the Governor of Dalmatia, the High Commissioner of Ljubljana, and the Prefect of Carnaro, 5 March 1942. Roatta inserted new punitive clauses in the original 3C pamphlet by means of Order 7000, issued on 7 April 1942. NAW, T-821, 218, 000152-57; 000410, 001040-47, Roatta memorandum and appendix “A” to 3C Circular, 7 April 1942. As Italy’s efforts to suppress the partisans flagged in December 1942, Roatta broadened his punitive measures to include “the upper classes” along with other new draconian measures. AVII, b. 93, f.2, Roatta’s Circular 3CL, 1 December 1942.

5. NAW, T-821, 55, 000622–24, Roatta to Robotti, 4 April 1942.

6. AUSSME, N I–II, b.724, A note on “rebel bands” by Francesco Delfino, Colonel of the Royal Carabinieri attached to the 2nd Army, 20 November 1941.

7. Teodoro Sala, “Guerra e amministrazione in Jugoslavia 1941–1943,” in Sala, Il fascismo italiano e gli Slavi del sud, pp. 302–3.

8. The latest richly documented book on this subject is by Alessandra Kersevan, Lager italiani: Pulizia etnica e campi di concentramento fascisti per civili jugoslavi 1941–1943 (Rome: Nutrimenti, 2008).

9. Carlo Spartico Capogreco, I Campi del duce: L’internamento civile nell’Italia fascista (1940–1943) (Turin: Einaudi, 2004), pp. 77–78. The latest Yugoslav study arrives at the following figures. Under Italian occupation, 149,639 persons were interned at one time or another and 92,902 people imprisoned. Dragan S. Nenezić, Jugoslovenske Oblasti Pod Italijom 1941–1943 (Belgrade: Vojnoistorijski Institut Vojske Jugoslavije, 1999), p. 159.

10. Roy Carroll, Manchester Guardian Weekly, 11 July 2001.

11. OO, XXX, p. 97; “Il Piccolo di Trieste,” 11 June 1941, cited in Ferenc, La provincia ‘italiana’ di Lubiana, p. 286, n. 13.

12. NAW, T-821, 61, 000776, Roatta note, 2 June 1942.

13. He would “transfer a large part of the population, settle them in the Kingdom, and put Italians in their place.” ARS, 1788, XII, f. 2, Roatta note on internments, 8 September 1942.

14. Teodoro Sala, “1939–1943. Jugoslavia ‘neutrale,’ Jugoslavia occupata,” in Sala, Il fascismo italiano e gli Slavi del sud, pp. 152–53.

15. See the articles by Filippo Focardi: ‘“Bravo italiano’ e ‘cattivo Tedesco’: riflessioni sulla genesi di due immagini incrociate,” in Storia e Memoria (1996) 1: 55–83; “La memoria della guerra e il mito del ‘bravo italiano’. Origine e affermazione di un autoritratto collettivo,” Italia Contemporanea (2000): 393–99.

16. Walter Manoschek, “‘Coming Along to Shoot Some Jews?’, The Destruction of the Jews in Serbia,” in War of Extermination: The German Military in World War II, 1941–1944, eds. Hannes Heer and Klaus Naumann (New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2000), pp. 39–51.

17. Lutz Klinkhammer, “La politica di occupazione nazista in europa. Un tentativo di analisi strutturale,” in Cri-mini e memorie di guerra, eds. Luca Baldissara e Paolo Pezzino (Naples: L’ancora del mediterraneo, 2004), p. 77.

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